Huff-Lonergan, two experts on calpains from Iowa State University. “They will potentially cause more functional changes to the protein.” “When the carbon chain number increases, those compounds tend to be more hydrophobic,” Zhai says. This means that these compounds likely inhibit calpain activity at different levels. The more carbon molecules a compound has, the more hydrophobic, or water repelling, they tend to be. ![]() These compounds have three, six, and nine carbons, respectively. In this paper, Zhai focused on three lipid peroxidation products: malondialdehyde (MDA), hexenal, and 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE), which have been previously identified in meat. For example, lipid peroxidation occurs as perishable food gets older, causing it to degrade and smell. Free radicals “steal” electrons from lipids in cell membranes, causing cell damage. Lipid peroxidation occurs when lipids – such as cell membranes and fatty acids – are exposed to oxygen. “By studying this, we help other researchers understand similar events.” “We provided a new explanation for something we see a lot,” Zhai says. Zhai and his collaborators discovered that the presence of compounds known as lipid peroxidation products can modify calpain-1 activity, explaining this mystery. Scientists noticed that when meat is packaged with a higher concentration of oxygen, which helps preserve color, the meat was tougher, but they didn’t know why. “It’s still the same ‘person’ but depending on the outfit, it may be better prepared to tackle different jobs.” ![]() “Protein modification is like a person wearing different clothes every day,” Zhai says. While scientists have known about calpain-1’s role in meat tenderness since the 1990s, they did not know much about how it can be modified. Having more fragmented protein molecules in meat makes it more tender. This is the first study to do so in the field of meat science.Īn enzyme called calpain, specifically calpain-1, is known as the “meat tenderization enzyme.” Calpain-1 cuts other proteins in the meat and makes these protein fragments more water-soluble. There’s a lot of science behind the spectrum from tough to tender.Ĭhaoyu Zhai, assistant professor of animal science in the College of Agriculture, Health and Natural Resources, recently published a paper in the Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry using machine learning algorithms to explain how the activity of an enzyme responsible for meat tenderness is modified on the molecular level. ![]() 1john 4:8, Holy Bible Stock Photo by paktaotik 33 / 377 Reading the Bible Stock Images by ingridhs 15 / 116 Girls Thinking At Bible Study Stock Photography by justinkendra 16 / 143 reading Stock Image by Klementiev 18 / 702 Holy Bible Stock Photography by prawny 20 / 5,141 Business People and The Bible Pictures by kk5hy 13 / 532 Bible study Picture by stevanovicigor 3 / 44 The Bible Stock Photo by FotoVika 17 / 724 Open book with golden glow flying paper pages Stock Photo by ra2studio 14 / 467 Senior Bible Study Stock Photographs by McIninch 7 / 195 A man reads the Bible Stock Image by fototaras 10 / 156 father and daughter reads the Bible Pictures by koca777 46 / 694 Old Book Stock Photos by miss_j 14 / 193 Young family reading the Bible Pictures by koca777 18 / 577 Mom Dad Daughter Stock Photographs by ixepop 24 / 1,487 bible study Stock Images by kk5hy 2 / 69 Bible with a burning candle Stock Photos by gajdamak 13 / 421 Mysterious library.When you bite into a juicy steak, tough isn’t what you’re looking for. Bible Study Couple Stock Photos by LincolnRogers 103 / 2,656 bible study Picture by Vasily77 21 / 369 Bible Study Letterpress Pictures by enterlinedesign 23 / 243 Bible Study Picture by jgroup 17 / 448 Bible study Stock Photography by georgemuresan 16 / 441 Women Bow And Pray Picture by justinkendra 143 / 2,064 bible study Stock Images by oneblink 13 / 351 Bible Study Stock Images by lenm 15 / 2,637 Bible study Stock Photos by ingridhs 7 / 175 Bible Study Stock Photo by lenm 23 / 4,688 Evening Bible study Pictures by tacrafts 7 / 587 Bible Study Stock Images by soupstock 10 / 314 Bible Study And Coffee Stock Photographs by justinkendra 18 / 309 Bible Study Pictures by jpegwiz 8 / 328 Meeting Of Bible Study Group Stock Photos by HighwayStarz 14 / 107 Bible Study Stock Photography by rmarmion 8 / 94 Devotional Pictures by GeriJean 30 / 1,226 Standing Holding the Bible in a Field Stock Photography by justinkendra 46 / 1,029 young family reading the Bible in nature Stock Photography by koca777 41 / 436 Holy Bible by Candle Light Pictures by LincolnRogers 34 / 1,208 God is love.
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